Illustrations of English words derived
from Greek words used in the New Testament. rev. 8/2019
THE
MAKEUP OF CREATED MAN:
"And
I pray God your wholespirit
and soul and bodybe
preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ"
(1 Thessalonians 5:23b).
DICTIONARIES
Strong's
Hebrew and GreekDictionaries:
G4151
πνεῦμα [pneumapnyoo'-mah]
From
G4154;
a currentof
air, that is, breath(blast)
or a breeze;
by analogy or figuratively a spirit,
that is, (human) the rational soul,
(by implication) vital
principle,
mental disposition,
etc., or (superhuman) an angel,
daemon,
or (divine) God, Christ’s spirit,
the Holy spirit:
- ghost, life, spirit (-ual, -ually), mind. Compare G5590
psuche soul Total
KJV occurrences: 385
word
family member: G4152
πνευματικός
pneumatikos
phyoo-mat-ik-os'
From
G4151;
non-carnal,
that is, (humanly) ethereal
(as opposed to gross), or (daemoniacally) a spirit
(concretely), or (divinely) supernatural,
regenerate,
religious:
- spiritual.
Compare soul
G5591.
word
family member: G4153
Adverb
from G4152
word
family member:G4154
πνέω
pneō
pneh'-o
Primary
word;
to
breathe
hard, that is, breeze:
- blow. Compare soul
G5594.
1)
the
third person of the triune God,
the Holy Spirit, coequal, coeternal with the Father and the Son
1a)
sometimes referred to in a way which emphasizes his personality
and character (the \\Holy\\ Spirit)
1b)
sometimes referred to in a way which emphasizes his work and
power (the Spirit of \\Truth\\)
1c)
never referred to as a depersonalised force
2)
the spirit, i.e. the vital principal by which the body
is animated
2a)
the rational spirit, the power by which the human being feels,
thinks, decides
2b)
the soul
3)
a spirit, i.e. a simple essence, devoid of all or at least
all grosser matter, and possessed of the power of knowing,
desiring, deciding, and acting
3a)
a life giving spirit
3b)
a human soul that has left the body
3c)
a spirit higher than man but lower than God, i.e. an angel
3c1)
used of demons, or evil spirits, who were conceived as inhabiting
the bodies of men
3c2)
the spiritual nature of Christ, higher than the highest angels
and equal to God, the divine
nature of Christ
4)
the disposition or influence
which fills and governs the
soul of any one
4a)
the efficient source of any power, affection, emotion, desire,
etc.
5)
a movement of air (a
gentle blast)
5a)
of the wind, hence the wind itself
5b)
breath of nostrils or mouth
Part
of Speech: noun neuter
_______________________
Vine's
Expository Dictionary of NT Words GreekDefinition:
primarily
denotes "the wind" (akin to pneo G4154, "to
breathe, blow"); also "breath;" then, especially
"the spirit," which, like
the wind, is invisible, immaterial and powerful.
The NT uses of the word may be analyzed approximately as follows:
(a)
the wind, John
3:8(where
marg. is, perhaps, to be preferred); Hebrews
1:7;
cp. Amos
4:13,
LXX version;
(c)
the immaterial, invisible part of man, Luke
8:55;
Acts
7:59;
1
Corinthians 5:5;
James
2:26;
cp.Ecclesiastes
12:7,
LXX version;
(d)
the disembodied (or 'unclothed,' or 'naked,' 2
Corinthians 5:3,4)
man, Luke
24:37,39;
Hebrews
12:23;
1
Peter 4:6;
(e)
the resurrection body, 1
Corinthians 15:45;
1
Timothy 3:16;
1
Peter 3:18;
(f)
the sentient element in man, that by which he perceives,
reflects, feels, desires, Matthew
5:3;
26:41;
Mark
2:8;
Luke
1:47,80;
Acts
17:16;
20:22;1
Corinthians 2:11;
5:3,4;
14:4,15;
2
Corinthians 7:1;
cp. Genesis
26:35;Isaiah
26:9;
Ezekiel
13:3;
Daniel
7:15;
(h)
the equivalent of the personal pronoun, used for emphasis and
effect: 1st person, 1
Corinthians 16:18;
cp. Genesis
6:3;
2nd
person, 2
Timothy 4:22;
Philemon
1:25;
cp. Psalm
139:7;
3rd
person, 2
Corinthians 7:13;
cp. Isaiah
40:13;
(i)
character, Luke
1:17;Romans
1:4;
cp. Numbers
14:24;
(j)
moral qualities and activities: bad, as of bondage, as of a
slave, Romans
8:15;
cp. Isaiah
61:3;
stupor, Romans
11:8;
cp. Isaiah
29:10;
timidity, 2
Timothy 1:7;
cp. Joshua
5:1;
good, as of adoption, i.e., liberty as of a son, Romans
8:15;
cp. Psalm
51:12;
meekness, 1
Corinthians 4:21;
cp. Proverbs
16:19;
faith, 2
Corinthians 4:13;
quietness, 1
Peter 3:4;
cp. Proverbs
14:29.
(k)
the Holy Spirit, e.g.,Matthew
4:1;
Luke
4:18;
(l)
'the inward man' (an expression used only of the believer, Romans
7:22;
2
Corinthians 4:16;
Ephesians
3:16);
the new life, Romans
8:4-6,10,16;
Hebrews
12:9;
cp. Psalm
51:10;
(m)
unclean
spirits, demons,Matthew
8:16;
Luke
4:33;
1
Peter 3:19;
cp. 1
Samuel 18:10;
(n)
angels, Hebrews
1:14;
cp. Acts
12:15;
(o)
divine gift for service, 1
Corinthians 14:12,32;
(p)
by metonymy, those who claim to be depostories of these gifts, 2
Thessalonians 2:2;
1
John 4:1-3;
(q)
the significance, as contrasted with the form, of words, or of a
rite, John
6:63;
Romans
2:29;
7:6;
2
Corinthians 3:6;
(r)
a vision, Revelation
1:10;
4:2;
17:3;
21:10."
* [* From Notes on Thessalonians, by Hogg and Vine, pp 204,205.]
ETYMOLOGY OF ENGLISH USE
Used in English in
various senses, from Greek pneuma "a blowing, a wind,
blast; breeze; influence; breathed air, breath; odor, scent;
spirit of a person; inspiration, a spirit, ghost," from
pnein "to blow, to breathe," from PIE root
*pneu- "to breathe," of imitative origin ::: : compare
Greek pnoe "breath," pnoia "breathing."
pneumato-
before vowels pneumat-, word-forming element
meaning "wind, air, spirit, presence of air," from
Greek pneuma (genitive pneumatos) "the wind,"
also "breath"
tachypnea
(n.) "hysterical rapid breathing," 1896, from
tachy- "swift" + -pnea, from pnein "to
breathe"
pneumatic
(adj.)1650s, from Latin pneumaticus "of the wind,
belonging to the air," from Greek pneumatikos "of
wind or air" (which is attested mainly as "of spirit,
spiritual"), from pneuma (genitive pneumatos)
"the wind," also "breath".
apnea
(n.) in pathology, "suspension of breathing,"
originally, and until recently most commonly, apnoea,
1719, Modern Latin, from Greek apnoia
"absence of respiration," from apnoos
"without breathing, without wind," from a- "not,
without" + pnein "to breathe".
spirit(n.) mid-13c., "animating or vital
principle in man and animals," from Anglo-French spirit, Old
French espirit "spirit, soul" (12c., Modern French
esprit) and
directly from Latin spiritus "a
breathing (respiration, and of the wind), breath; breath of a
god," hence "inspiration; breath of life," hence
"life;" also "disposition, character; high spirit,
vigor, courage; pride, arrogance," related to spirare
"to breathe."
spirit: ghost. Meaning
"supernatural immaterial creature; angel, demon; an
apparition, invisible corporeal being of an airy nature" is
attested from mid-14c.; from late 14c. as "a ghost" .
From c. 1500 as "a nature, character"; sense of
"essential principle of something."
According to Barnhart and OED, originally in English
mainly from passages in Vulgate, where the Latin word translates
Greek pneuma and
Hebrew ruah.
Distinction between "soul" and "spirit" (as
"seat of emotions") became current in Christian
terminology (such as Greek psykhevs. pneuma,
Latin anima
vs. spiritus)
but "is without significance for earlier periods"
[Buck]. Latin spiritus,
usually in classical Latin "breath," replaces
animus in the sense
"spirit" in the imperial period and appears in
Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Greek pneuma.
TEXT EXAMPLES
πνεῦμα
[pneuma G4151]
Total
KJV Occurrences (NT):385
translations; as spirit,
spirit, 257
Matthew
3:16,
"And Jesus, when he was
baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the
heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spiritof God descending like a dove, and lighting
upon him"
Matthew
4:1, Matthew
5:3, Matthew
10:20, Matthew
12:18, Matthew
12:28, Matthew
22:43(2), Matthew
26:41, Mark
1:10, Mark
1:12, Mark
1:23, Mark
1:26, Mark
2:8, Mark
3:30, Mark
5:2, Mark
5:8, Mark
7:25, Mark
8:12, Mark
9:17, Mark
9:20, Mark
9:25(2), Mark
14:38, Luke
1:17, Luke
1:47, Luke
1:80, Luke
2:27, Luke
2:40, Luke
4:1, Luke
4:14, Luke
4:18, Luke
4:33, Luke
8:29, Luke
8:55, Luke
9:39, Luke
9:42, Luke
9:55, Luke
10:21, Luke
11:13, Luke
11:24, Luke
13:11, Luke
23:46, Luke
24:37, Luke
24:39, John
1:32-33(2), John
3:5-6(3), John
3:8, John
3:34, John
4:23-24(3), John
6:63(2), John
7:39, John
11:33, John
13:21, John
14:17, John
15:26, John
16:13, Acts
2:4, Acts
2:17-18(2), Acts
6:9-10(2), Acts
7:59, Acts
8:29, Acts
8:39, Acts
10:19, Acts
11:12, Acts
11:28, Acts
16:7, Acts
16:16, Acts
16:18, Acts
17:16, Acts
18:5, Acts
18:25, Acts
19:15-16(2), Acts
20:21-22(2), Acts
21:4, Acts
23:8-9(2), Romans
1:4, Romans
1:9, Romans
2:29, Romans
7:6, Rom 8 (21), Romans
11:8, Romans
12:11, Romans
15:19, Romans
15:30, 1
Corinthians 2:4, 1
Corinthians 2:10-12(6), 1
Corinthians 2:14, 1
Corinthians 3:16, 1
Corinthians 4:21, 1
Corinthians 5:3-5(3), 1
Corinthians 6:11, 1
Corinthians 6:17, 1
Corinthians 6:20, 1
Corinthians 7:34, 1
Corinthians 7:40, 1
Corinthians 12:3-4(2), 1
Corinthians 12:7-9(5), 1
Corinthians 12:11, 1
Corinthians 12:13(2), 1
Corinthians 14:2, 1
Corinthians 14:14-16(4), 1
Corinthians 15:45, 1
Corinthians 16:18, 2
Corinthians 1:22, 2
Corinthians 2:13, 2
Corinthians 3:3, 2
Corinthians 3:6(2), 2
Corinthians 3:8, 2
Corinthians 3:17-18(3), 2
Corinthians 4:13, 2
Corinthians 5:5, 2
Corinthians 7:1, 2
Corinthians 7:13, 2
Corinthians 11:4, 2
Corinthians 12:18, Galatians
3:2-3(2), Galatians
3:5, Galatians
3:14, Galatians
4:6, Galatians
4:29, Galatians
5:5, Galatians
5:16-18(4), Galatians
5:22, Galatians
5:25(2), Galatians
6:1, Galatians
6:8(2), Galatians
6:18, Ephesians
1:13, Ephesians
1:17, Ephesians
2:2, Ephesians
2:18, Ephesians
2:22, Ephesians
3:5, Ephesians
3:16, Ephesians
4:3-4(2), Ephesians
4:23, Ephesians
4:30, Ephesians
5:9, Ephesians
5:18, Phi_1:17-19(3), Phi_1:27,
Phi_2:1,
Phi_3:3,
Col_1:8,
Col_2:5,
1 Thessalonians
4:8, 1
Thessalonians 5:19, 1
Thessalonians 5:23, 2
Thessalonians 2:2, 2
Thessalonians 2:8, 2
Thessalonians 2:13, 1
Timothy 3:16, 1
Timothy 4:1, 1
Timothy 4:12, 2
Timothy 1:7, 2
Timothy 4:22, Philemon
1:25, Hebrews
4:12, Hebrews
9:14, Hebrews
10:29, Jam_2:26,
James 4:5,
1 Peter 1:2,
1 Peter 1:11,
1 Peter 1:22,
1 Peter 3:4,
1 Peter 3:18,
1 Peter 4:6,
1 Peter 4:14,
1 John 3:24,
1 John 4:1-3(4), 1
John 4:6(2), 1
John 4:13, 1
John 5:6(2), 1
John 5:8, Jude
1:19, Revelation
1:10, Revelation
2:7, Revelation
2:11, Revelation
2:17, Revelation
2:29, Revelation
3:6, Revelation
3:13, Revelation
3:22, Revelation
4:2, Revelation
11:11, Revelation
14:13, Revelation
17:3, Revelation
18:2, Revelation
21:10(2), Revelation
22:17
ghost,
92
Matthew
1:18,
"Now the birth of Jesus
Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to
Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of
the Holy Ghost."
Matthew
1:20, Matthew
3:11, Matthew
12:31-32(2), Matthew
27:50, Matthew
28:19, Mark
1:8, Mark
3:29, Mark
12:36, Mark
13:11, Luke
1:15, Luke
1:35, Luke
1:41, Luke
1:67, Luke
2:25-26(2), Luke
3:16, Luke
3:22, Luke
4:1, Luke
12:10, Luke
12:12, John
1:33, John
7:39, John
14:26, John
19:30, John
20:22, Acts
1:2, Acts
1:5, Acts
1:8, Acts
1:16, Acts
2:4, Acts
2:33, Acts
2:38, Acts
4:8, Acts
4:31, Acts
5:3, Acts
5:32, Acts
6:3, Acts
6:5, Acts
7:51, Acts
7:55, Acts
8:15, Acts
8:17-19(3), Acts
9:17, Acts
9:31, Acts
10:38, Acts
10:44-45(2), Acts
10:47, Acts
11:15-16(2), Acts
11:24, Acts
13:2, Acts
13:4, Acts
13:9, Acts
13:52, Acts
15:8, Acts
15:28, Acts
16:6, Acts
19:2(2), Acts
19:6, Acts
20:23, Acts
20:28, Acts
21:11, Acts
28:25, Romans
5:5, Romans
9:1, Romans
14:17, Romans
15:13, Romans
15:16, 1
Corinthians 2:13, 1
Corinthians 6:19, 1
Corinthians 12:3, 2
Corinthians 6:6, 2
Corinthians 13:14, 1
Thessalonians 1:5-6(2), 2
Timothy 1:14, Titus
3:5, Hebrews
2:4, Hebrews
3:7, Hebrews
6:4, Hebrews
9:8, Hebrews
10:15, 1
Peter 1:12, 2
Peter 1:21, 1
John 5:7, Jude
1:20
spirits,
32
Matthew
8:16,
"When the even was come,
they brought unto him many that were possessed with devils
[demons]: and he cast out the spiritswith hisword, and healed all that were sick:"
Matthew
10:1, Matthew
12:45, Mark
1:27, Mark
3:11, Mark
5:13, Mark
6:7, Luke
4:36, Luke
6:18, Luke
7:21, Luke
8:2, Luke
10:20, Luke
11:26, Acts
5:16, Acts
8:7, Acts
19:12-13(2), 1
Corinthians 12:10, 1
Corinthians 14:32, 1
Timothy 4:1, Hebrews
1:7, Hebrews
1:14, Hebrews
12:9, Hebrews
12:23, 1
Peter 3:19, 1
John 4:1, Revelation
1:4, Revelation
3:1, Revelation
5:5-6(2), Revelation
16:13-14(2)
life,
1
Revelation
13:14-15(2),
"And he had power to
give lifeunto the image of the beast, that the image
of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would
not worship the image of the beast should be killed."
(Revleation 13:15).
spiritual,
1
1
Corinthians 14:12, "Even
so ye, forasmuch as ye are zealous of spiritual[gifts],seek that ye may excel to the edifying of
the church."
spiritually,
1
Romans
8:6, "For to be
carnally minded isdeath; but to be spirituallyminded islife and peace."
wind,
1
John
3:8, "The
wind
bloweth
where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst
not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one
that is born of the Spirit."
= GAYLON WEST
"Throw
out the Lifeline" site www.BibleStudyLessons.net
"Throw out the Lifeline" site www.BibleStudyLessons.net
